Center for Magnetic Resonance

D.S. Bolotin, M.Ya. Demakova, A.A. Legin, V.V. Suslonov, A.A. Nazarov, M.A. Jakupec, B.K. Kepplerb, V.Yu. Kukushkin

“Amidoxime platinum(II) complexes: pH-dependent highly selective generation and cytotoxic activity”

NewJ.Chem., 2017, 41, 6840
DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00982h

The reaction of cis-[PtCl2(Me2[S with combining low line]O)2] with 1 equiv. of each of the amidoximes RC(NH2)[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH in neutral media in MeOH results in the formation of complexes cis-[PtCl2{RC(NH2)[double bond, length as m-dash][N with combining low line]OH}(Me2[S with combining low line]O)] (5 examples; 83–98% isolated yields). In the presence of 2 equiv. of NaOH in MeOH solution, the reaction of cis-[PtCl2(Me2[S with combining low line]O)2] with 1 equiv. of each of the amidoximes RC(NH2)[double bond, length as m-dash]NOH leads to [Pt{RC([N with combining low line]H)[double bond, length as m-dash]N[O with combining low line]}(Me2[S with combining low line]O)2] (7 examples; 74–95% isolated yields). All new complexes were characterized by C, H, and N elemental analyses, HRESI+-MS, IR, 1H, 13C{1H}, and CP-MAS TOSS 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopies, and additionally by single-crystal XRD (for seven species). The cytotoxic potency of six compounds was determined in the human cancer cell lines CH1/PA-1, A549, SK-BR-3, and SW480. Generally, the second class of complexes containing chelating amidoximato ligands shows much higher cytotoxicity than the non-chelate amidoxime analogs, despite the lack of easily exchangeable chlorido ligands. Especially, the complex [Pt(p-CF3C6H4C([N with combining low line]H)[double bond, length as m-dash]N[O with combining low line])(Me2[S with combining low line]O)2] displays a remarkable activity in the inherently cisplatin resistant SW480 cell line (0.51 μM vs. 3.3 μM).

M. A. Kinzhalov , A. S. Legkodukh, T. B. Anisimova, A. S. Novikov, V. V. Suslonov, K. V. Luzyanin , V. Yu. Kukushkin

“Tetrazol-5-ylidene Gold(III) Complexes frоm Sequential [2 + 3] Cycloaddition of Azide to Metal-Bound Isocyanides and N4 Alkylation”

Organometallics, 2017, 36, 3974–3980
DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00591

The reaction between equimolar amounts of the isocyanide complexes [AuCl₃(CNR)] [R = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃ (Xyl), 1a; 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂ (Mes), 1b; Cy, 1c; t-Bu, 1d] and tetrabutylammonium azide (2) proceeds in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature for ∼10 min to furnish the gold(III) tetrazolates [n-Bu₄N][AuCl₃(CN₄R)] (3a–d), which were obtained in 89–95% yields after purification. Subsequent reaction between equimolar amounts of 3a–d and methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (MeOTf) proceeds in CH₂Cl₂ at −70 °C for ∼30 min to give the corresponding gold(III) complexes [AuCl₃(CaN(Me)N₂NbR)]a–b (5a–d) bearing 1,4-disubstituted tetrazol-5-ylidene ligands (69–75%). Complexes 3a–d were obtained as pale-yellow solids and characterized by elemental analyses (C, H, N), HRESI–-MS, FTIR, and 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopies. Complexes 5a–d were obtained as colorless solids and characterized by elemental analyses (C, H, N), HRESI+-MS, and 1D (¹H and ¹³C{1H}) and 2D (¹H,¹³C-HMBC) NMR spectroscopies. In addition, the structures of 3a, 3b, 3c, and 5a were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Analysis of the Wiberg bond indices (WI) for gas phase-optimized model structures of 3a–c and 5a computed using the natural bond orbital (NBO) partitioning scheme disclosed a higher degree of electron density delocalization in the CN₄ moiety of carbene 5a when compared to tetrazolate 3a–c. Results of DFT calculations for a model system reveal that the mechanism for the cycloaddition of an azide to the isocyanide ligand in [AuCl₃(CNMe)] is stepwise and involves nucleophilic attack of N3– on the N atom of CNMe followed by ring closure. The addition is both kinetically and thermodynamically favorable and occurs via the formation of an acyclic NNNCN intermediate, whereas the cyclization is the rate-determining step.

A.S. Filatov, N.A. Knyazev, A.P. Molchanov, T.L. Panikorovsky, R.R. Kostikov, A.G. Larina, V.M. Boitsov, A.V. Stepakov

“Synthesis of Functionalized 3-Spiro[cyclopropa[a]pyrrolizine]- and 3-Spiro[3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane]oxindoles from Cyclopropenes and Azomethine Ylides via [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition”

J. Org. Chem., 2017, 82 (2), 959–975
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02505

3-Spiro [cyclopropa [a]pyrrolizine]- and 3-spiro [3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane] oxindoles were prepared in moderate to high yields via one-pot three-component reactions using substituted isatins, α-amino acids, and cyclopropenes. The key step is an intramolecular [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of an in situ generated azomethine ylide onto a cyclopropene. Both N-substituted and N-unsubstituted α-amino acids, dipeptide Gly-Gly, and also benzylamine were used as the amine component for the azomethine ylide generation. The anticancer activity of some of the obtained compounds against human leukemia K562 cell line was evaluated by flow cytometry in vitro.

A.N. Shestakov, A.S. Pankova, P. Golubev, A.F. Khlebnikov, M.A. Kuznetsov

“Brønsted acid mediated cyclizations of ortho-aryl(ethynyl)pyrimidines”

Tetrahedron, 2017, 73 (27-28), 3939–3948
DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.070

A high-yielding procedure for the synthesis of 5-aryl-4-(arylethynyl)pyrimidines from easily available 2-aryl-3-hydroxyacrylates is reported. These pyrimidines readily undergo cyclization in strong Brønsted acids and, depending on the substitution in alkynylpyrimidines and the water content of the reaction mixture, yield either benzo[f]quinazolines or derivatives of spiro[cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,5′-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin]-4-one. In most cases the cyclization proceeds nearly quantitatively. DFT calculations support the proposed mechanisms induced by the protonation of the triple bond in 5-aryl-4-(arylethynyl)pyrimidines. Fluorescent properties of the obtained heterocycles are also described.

A.I. Solomatina, I.O. Aleksandrova, A.J. Karttunen, S.P. Tunik, I.O. Koshevoy

“Dibenzothiophene-platinated complexes: probing the effect of ancillary ligands on the photophysical performance”

Dalton Transactions, 2017, 46, 3895-3905
DOI: 10.1039/C7DT00349H

Cyclometalation of dibenzothienyl-pyridine (HPyDBT) afforded a series of platinum(II) complexes Pt(PyDBT)(L)Cl (L = DMSO, 1; P(p-C6H4-X)3 (X = H, 2; CF3, 3; OMe, 4; NPh2, 5); 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane, 6; 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide, 7). Chelating bidentate LL ligands formed cationic compounds [Pt(PyDBT)(LL)]+ (LL = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene, 8; 2,2′-bipyridine, 9; 1,10-phenanthroline, 10). Oxidation of a thienyl sulfur atom allowed for the isolation of the sulfone derivative Pt(PyDBT)(PPh3)Cl (11). The title complexes were characterized crystallographically (except 7). Investigation of their photophysical behavior revealed solid state phosphorescence with quantum yields up to 0.45 for neat powders. The ancillary ligands L show a minor influence on the emission energies of the neutral compounds, but affect dramatically the intensity of luminescence. In contrast, the cationic species with diimine ligands demonstrate a significant contribution of the LL fragments into the emissive T1 states that leads to a certain mixing of 3IL and 3LL′CT transitions and causes a substantial bathochromic shift of emission.

E. G. Vlakh, E. V. Grachova, D. D. Zhukovsky, A. V. Hubina, A. S. Mikhailova, J. R. Shakirova, V. V. Sharoyko, S. P. Tunik, T. B. Tennikova

“Self-assemble nanoparticles based on polypeptides containing C-terminal luminescent Pt-cysteine complex”

Scientific Reports, 2017, 7, Article number 41991
DOI: 10.1038/srep41991

The growing attention to the luminescent nanocarriers is strongly stimulated by their potential application as drug delivery systems and by the necessity to monitor their distribution in cells and tissues. In this communication we report on the synthesis of amphiphilic polypeptides bearing C-terminal phosphorescent label together with preparation of nanoparticles using the polypeptides obtained. The approach suggested is based on a unique and highly technological process where the new phosphorescent Pt-cysteine complex serves as initiator of the ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to obtain the polypeptides bearing intact the platinum chromophore covalently bound to the polymer chain. It was established that the luminescent label retains unchanged its emission characteristics not only in the polypeptides but also in more complicated nanoaggregates such as the polymer derived amphiphilic block-copolymers and self-assembled nanoparticles. The phosphorescent nanoparticles display no cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity in the tested range of concentrations and easily internalize into living cells that makes possible in vivo cell visualization, including prospective application in time resolved imaging and drug delivery monitoring.

G. Werner, K.S. Rodygin, A.A. Kostin, E.G. Gordeev, A.S. Kashin, V.P. Ananikov

“A solid acetylene reagent with enhanced reactivity: fluoride-mediated functionalization of alcohols and phenols”

Green Chemistry, 2017, 19, 3032–3041
DOI: 10.1039/C7GC00724H

The direct vinylation of an OH group in alcohols and phenols was carried out utilizing a novel CaC₂/KF solid acetylene reagent in a simple K₂CO₃/KOH/DMSO system. The functionalization of a series of hydroxyl-group-containing substrates and the post-modification of biologically active molecules were successfully performed using standard laboratory equipment, providing straightforward access to the corresponding vinyl ethers. The overall process developed involves an atom-economical addition reaction employing only inorganic reagents, which significantly simplifies the reaction set-up and the isolation of products. A mechanistic study revealed a dual role of the F⁻ additive, which both mediates the surface etching/renewal of the calcium carbide particles and activates the C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C bond towards the addition reaction. The development of the fluoride-mediated nucleophilic addition of alcohols eliminates the need for strong bases and may substantially extend the areas of application of this attractive synthetic methodology due to increasing functional group tolerance. As a replacement for dangerous and difficult to handle high-pressure acetylene, we propose the solid reagent CaC₂/KF, which is easy to handle, does not require dedicated laboratory equipment and demonstrates enhanced reactivity of the acetylenic triple bond. Theoretical calculations have shown that fluoride-mediated activation of the hydroxyl group towards nucleophilic addition significantly reduces the activation barrier and facilitates the reaction.